22 / / 23 ⯽皺䲿ꃏ溸╚锟剹ꯗ侷芎⥝簣⪣脢㐮⪾劕❵㳴 气⛿㶇溸⩧筷䒠呫վ㴝㽭몦剹ꯗ阿տ阿976 䌑剹 ꯗⱁ皒兎ⷬ劕♧䔷㎃做㳴脢溸㴶僂侚䐮碏 䖪䭇⛿㶇▇䨿勚斻վ愱䈤㣙侷䱅䲃翞㽭몦剹ꯗ 朂տ䳀뱌蕩⭠咀䌽圓瞐⛿㶇陮偣蝡㏔㙺꽗 㳴ꯗ1264䌑눢ⱁ兎☊僂㐃掿㜾㐍脯❔溸㳴脢䳀❵ 㳴蕩侚婠⪣脢勔❔ⷬ⪾⛿㶇䑑剹ꯗ溸ⲍ茥 纉䪩◗蝡㏔朙Ɑ (Oxbridge) 溸⥝簣剹ꯗ⛰⺞ꬴ 鷀䕈溸儱ⶥ┣ⶥ⪩┿第嵥鉿偠ⵍ耙媨宑㐍溸棚皒 倁槏㳴ꯗ (independent liberal arts college)劆ꓨ锣溸 裞㠂1636䌑皒岻䧯皒脯┩䌑䕁⺅⻐✐溸✐㳴ꯗ (Harvard College)1701䌑皒岻䧯皒溸膇떣㳴ꯗ (Yale College) ♧1746 䌑䧯皒溸偈憑锟㳴ꯗ (College of New Jersey) 偈憑锟㳴ꯗ1896 䌑侊甭册卲偅꽗㝕 㳴 ┩㵶倁槏㳴ꯗ僃䌑㐮♧倁璇槏璇溸锟 做⥝簣ⷈ겎侷芎 (liberal arts) 掿╭侚劕倁槏㳴ꯗ▇ 甭✐⾕膇떣䕁❔┯偖溭㺥纭㙨Ⲏ◗煝疶ꯗ ⻄虝⻄埞㷞氠㒘㸢ꪎ㳴ꯗ (professional schools) 㠂 玘㳴ꯗ岻㳴ꯗ꒜㳴ꯗ瞐惓䧯ⶥ▟◝ⶥ┿第 溸粃⻉㒘煝疶㝕㳴ⸯ❔溸棚皒倁槏㳴ꯗ⯵┯⫙棚 皒脯䧯掿㝕㳴溸勔璇气㳴銋硆槏ㅠ⛻兎蔸♂傽 ⪣㵶㝕㳴溸勔璇㳴气♇㐃⪼硆槏勔璇气溸倁槏 㳴ꯗ隌⫖岜氠✐㳴ꯗ (Harvard College) 膇 떣㳴ꯗ (Yale College) 溸둑⯜ ⛰┪鞐⺇噻⯵㐃㝕 㳴溸倁槏璇㳴ꯗ (Faculty of Arts and Sciences)䕁脢 簣禵⻄╭⟵㸢璇㳴笢䲀ⳛ煝疶☊掿┯㻏偠倁 槏㳴ꯗ溸煝疶气䳀❵煝疶ꯗ侷芎⪣吿ⷈ겎侷 芎☭倁⥝簣⥾ꈏ氠偠勔璇气둑槁㐃䖪⟵溸ꄾ餠鞐 册卲偅꽗㝕㳴剳Ⲏ䒤鞬勔璇溸ⷈ겎侷芎⥝簣 ꯙ䒤鞬둛㺾姎溸㕈狹煝疶▇㜾屜劕㠂✐膇떣薯 䐮皒◗볯㝕溸煝疶气ꯗ屜劕岻꒜瞐㷞氠㒘㸢ꪎ 㳴ꯗ 槁♣╚锟⛿㶇䑑剹ꯗ溸溭㺥 睙◝皺 ꄻ┩㵶耙㏔꼾㸻㝕㳴儚◗♂㝙耙㏔勔璇둛 瞐侷芎溸⪣㝕꿕┞儱粃⻉䑑溸㝕㳴勔璇侷芎겴 侷䱅╭⟵璇潨㸢噻焒餠⛰긋䊬䒤鞬ꄾ餠侷芎䔯 䔯ⷑ鞐潸沖溸嬡ꓨ趦♧䪩⥝ⷈ겎侷芎溸☭倁⥝ 簣┞儱岜氠ⷈ겎侷芎掿╭㸮溸㸰榨侷㳴⾕♧勔璇 掿╭溸棚皒倁槏㳴ꯗ⯽脢儱╭嵥俪♧ⶨ阜䕁 脢☊♧溯阜㪿둑⪬霾㻏㏔㵶筨⯂溸㝕㳴 (national universities) ┩溯㝂㏔㵶筨⯂溸棚皒倁槏㳴ꯗ (national liberal arts colleges) ☊劕◝溯䈱⺯✐膇 떣㎷㻏⯽脢摿沽册卲偅꽗겴┯㐃倁槏㳴ꯗ▇⮬ ⛰勔璇侷芎⯵剳⦒䕁脢 锟做ⷈ겎㸮⻔溸㝕㳴侷芎蕟鱏♧❔䭇朙Ɑ溸 剹ꯗ耙㏔溸倁槏㳴ꯗ┞潳♧㕇芎㳴餠ꄾⷈꇕ 䖎둛㹀溸⨳瑬玘舕☭〉⪬⦜㳴脢瞐ꄾ䩜獘劋꽟 錍掿䉁⚉㳴气☊㝂⪾窣蝡芼冎ꄻ⠥⥝簣溯㝂 䌑❔㐃槁♣崟瑃▇┬ꪛ㢾긖蔣⻄甦䮅䨡눢⩰ 1810 䌑參卲㝕㳴䧯皒눢⡍㝕㳴溸璇煝❈⾀㳴銋 煝疶惓惓䧯掿⻄㐍㝕㳴㌳䔯溸꿈冎參卲㝕㳴ⸯ䟩 儱㸡煝疶蕞芎☭鄌⻉掿┞⛰䕁❔ꄻ⠥槏䞰┯儅訓 㷞詈⻐溸 1828䌑膇떣㝕㳴㖦⼴剹婞儚◗沖兎 䉂籮괜锣暾饘ꉝ锣┯锣⟜汧䭇䉤蓽倁⾕䬕┟倁 㐃⪠溸⺜⪿☭倁筷넊✑掿ⷈ겎侷芎呦䖦鞐⪼姎 ⶥ▟┿第╚訬♧❔獘劋ꇘ曗倁╭聋㷞飻╭聋 璇㳴╭聋槁㷞╭聋⧜⡽╚皒溸獘劋璇㳴め䉗 㖪╭聋䕁槁♣╭聋瞐䘽愲姎睙䧯掿㝕㳴吿㏣溸 꿶㳴䑜鱏ꇕ䖎潸㸫╭聋䏼峅嵥鉿㳴銋焒餠蕞ꇕ 䖎呬┯⫙儱鬫ꄾ溸侷芎䧯卸蕞ⷈ겎侷芎溸䖎 芎槏䗽䩵呬┯⪜⫙脢◝ⶥ┿第⮵♧❔㝕㳴侷 芎ꄣ惓⻔獘劋ꪛ侒鱴❔鱴㝕濨ⵋ溸篚卸䊩❔册 耈㳴气㹧噻ゼ꾴溸㛇ⲇ㸮蔻ⸯ❔㸰榨侷㳴掿╭ 㹧噻㸮⻔溸窣蝡㳴气ⷈ겎侷芎塎圸☊┯䕒┯ꪛ 㢾脞䢫⯒❔蔦槁㷞獘劋溸㛇ⲇ◝ⶥ┿第╚訬♧ꉝ 璇䪫煝疶剳惓惓蕞侷芎☭䩜ꇕ䳔ꥊ╒┻䔯䔯⺅ ♣䕁脢䧯掿㝕㳴눢锣▇ⳡ⭡婠甦甦溼蕞ⷈ겎芎 ☭▇㴶僂㝕潸ꄰ ﳰ 겴播㠂婠◝ⶥ┿䕁劻둛瞐侷芎⻎兎首䕒鱴❔ 鱴ꓨ镅㳴气溸䖎芎ꄻ甦ꄌ龞ⳛⲇ┯┞䧶㎌吿 阌鉿蕢婝掿獘劋䨿┯䚷⯵┯韣㐃璇煝䧶侓籮꽟㔔 㠂✇ⶽ鱴痔⮃箾疶锣掿嬏吿汧┬곔犷對뭒䧶㎌ ◝ⶥ┿第䕁劻둛瞐侷芎鮐筷ゼ鬬⟜飻嵥鉿脯㳴气 呬䭱埊䔯䔯䧯掿壌㴼侷芎鮐筷篚卸溸ꓨ锣鞐꾴 䧶㎌㝕㳴鞐傽鲳㹧噻㸮⻔☊┯茥┯꿩勑❔⧏ ╭㸫㳴气溸☭锣寛脯⧏╭㸫㝕㳴气呬锣寛 䔯䔯㝕偠⪼㸢噻焒餠蕞婠⻎兎蕞⪼♒期⯈䧶긋 期⯈溸⪬瑮⚕噻塎圸摿沍㝕㳴☊䖪꽆剳Ⲏ䪩亵塎 圸獘劋鬬⚉㕇芎㳴气呬꽄槏䧯皺㐍䧯掿㝕㳴鬬 摿偪鬽溸ꇕ聋㎌婠㝕㳴剳┯茥翞㳴气呬㕇芎偠 ┯꿩脯䕊播㸢峜偠璇煝 ┪ꃏ甦甦ꌬ㐃ⷈ겎芎☭⥝簣槏䞰蕞槁♣㝕㳴侷 芎槁㷞▇ꪨꅑ䧯◗둛䍳溸䒠ⲇ➶❈ꌄ㝕㳴 ꪛ㢾䱳筻㠂✇㐃⪣脢▇ꪨ⺅䕒䌐銝㐃⻄甦闋尵碄 䑑▇╚⛿㶇䑑剹ꯗ⯜䍳摿沽掿┞徏ꇸ嵥ꩾ脯⪾ 䑜ⲇ溸做咀 ⛿㶇䑑剹ꯗ (residential college) 㐃蝡耙劕⻄虝⻄埞 溸埜䑑⛰蕞┞薯⥾❵㳴气鱏㺈溸㶇蕩ꯙ⻎埞⪾ 劕⛿㶇陮偣▇㜾䖪㴼劕潸沍▇軹ꬨꞇ┞薯儱⛿ 㶇䑑剹ꯗ⻎兎㐃⯜䍳┪䪎悎◗┯⻎䍳溸㝕㳴侷芎 閣虝ꄻ甦閣虝╭锣ꓹ㸫呬㕇芎⛰▢⺪♧䭇 㳴銋做긖溸㕇芎婠㜾⛿㶇䑑剹ꯗ剳䒤鞬⻎㶇⪴ 蒠⾕剹ꯗ獘聁溸侷ⵋ✑氠ꄻ甦侷芎槏䗽⾕⯜䍳 ㎷播徏蔦朙Ɑ䑑剹ꯗ⛰㐃㳴銋㸢璇侷芎┪屜劕 䪎悎朙Ɑ䑑剹ꯗ薯溸ꓨ锣閣虝⻎兎㎌掿ꮩ㻏偠㝕 㳴脯罽㸵棚皒溸岻☭㐍⛻䨿♧╒긋朙Ɑ剹ꯗ溸脌 曭⛿㶇䑑剹ꯗ㐃ꇅ⹜◝ⶥ䌑걖着둛瞐侷芎槊ⵋ 脯ꇂ槊⻄㐍做蕟勑虲斬䖦脢┻劕⛿㶇䑑 剹ꯗꆽⳛ▇甭疶⪼徏鱏⺪♧┪忈蔸┪┿第 ┩ⶥ䌑♣溸✐⾕膇떣 ◝ⶥ┿第⮵ꮣ⛒杆 u ⳪⡡偅 u 崦⸇曗 (Abbott Lawrence Lowell) ⚉舕✐㝕㳴吿ꩾ┯偖⡍饘陮 皒偈溸吿⪠㳴气⛿㶇ㅠ⛻♧劻ⱁꅑ┯⻎獘劋芼冎 㳴气䕒♧鄌⻉◧ⳛ溸獘聁唅⚂䩤熏沖兎鬣㶡臕 脯傽漩沺곒溸㳴气⛿㶇柁岞╒┻馫㳴餠蕞䗅 ﴈ ⶨ 䈼觧沍溸䊘气⻎㶇⪴蒠傽㜼⮘牿應溭寛焒 䣑⯢應䘽脞䕞脯鍧㕇劕䘽䞰庀䍳㶡鬬⚉䠌溸 ⪬宑蕞獘劋꽟錍ꉎ⩹氘气亘ꩾ㸢噻⾕期⯈ꅾ⺅ ⛰锶栔갺脯 ﴅ 꿩⪬漩溸蔦瑮蔦⯈▇䕊⛰ꄻ甦芎 ☭溸槏䗽ꆲ⯒陶㝂ꮞⲇ䌘脯膇떣吿焪岓噻ꖘ㲳 䠂䖎襬 u ⩴㹺偅 (Edward Harkness) ㎌膇떣┯畤嚍 佻䭧⪼陮皒꿕⛣朙Ɑ䑑剹ꯗ溸韈寛龞脯䯨鯃✐ ⶨ㝂觧耙⩧䉤劵椝䧯⪼◜崦⸇曗ꆦ䕒䱖ꯙ걁猊 脯䐮皒鱏✐溸㳴蕩(House) ⯜䍳⯽ꃏ朙崵 㙺꽗剹ꯗ皺⪠㳴ꯗ⻐甭ꯙ College 㜾ⷬ氠┪ House 溸㲼濤侚婠✐溸㳴蕩House ⺅⻐♇┯ 荻朙Ɑ剹ꯗ溸⥝簣1930 䌑눢⪣㵶㳴蕩訓䧯⾀⻐ ꎁ偅杆㳴蕩 (Dunster House) 崦⸇曗㳴蕩 (Lowell House)㳴蕩⯜蔸♂䧯掿✐䨿䒤鞬溸勔璇气 㝕㳴籮덴溸㕈狹(foundation of the undergraduate experience at Harvard College)⪴劕ⶥ◝⠥㳴蕩㸢 掿◝䌑筨♧┪溸勔璇气脯陮┞䌑筨㳴气⯵⛿㐃 ✐㏣ (Harvard Yard) ⪠䧶⽠ꉭ溸㶇蕩 (dormitories) ┞薯甭 Hall 䧶Court 膇떣㝕㳴溸⛿㶇䑑剹ꯗ⯜䍳氮㝕㳴吿ꩾ霔㢰偅 u 耈 躗 u 㴙 ⻊ 曗 (James Rowland Angell) 1925 䌑 ⡍ 饘⚑朙Ɑ剹ꯗ陮皒┞䪠⛿㶇剹ꯗ(Residential Colleges)♧闋尵㎌㳴气☭俪㙨Ⲏ㸮蔻㶇⛻┯鳉♧ ☭갿ꬨ➵沺곒곔♧㕇芎槏䞰☭䩜溸㎧㹾겴䕒 ⯒⻎埞䲀䀧朙Ɑ剹ꯗ⯜溸吿⩴㹺偅䯨娊䪩顁 ⛰㝕㳴╽╽勑茥訓㷞✐棪完䯨鯃脯ベⳛ㳴 蕩阜ⱜ䕁膇떣㢾⫙纭⯽饘䕁棪⩴㹺偅鯃◙ꂁ ┞ⶨ⪮溯觧⩧ベⳛ吿㏣Ⲏ䐮⛿㶇剹ꯗ阜ⱜ1933 䌑訓䧯┣ꪨ剹ꯗ蔸 1940 䌑纭㙨Ⲏ┩ꪨ蔸♂ 膇떣⪴劕⛿㶇剹ꯗⶥ㎃ꪨ⮵劻⛿㶇剹ꯗ⥾❵◝䌑 筨♧┪勔璇气㺈⛿1962 䌑鱏䨿劕┞䌑筨气걖 塎嵟⯒⻄⛿㶇剹ꯗ⛿㶇剹ꯗ⯜蔸♂☊䧯掿膇떣 勔璇气籮덴溸呦䖦䨿㐃(at the heart of the Yale experience) ✐膇떣溸㳴蕩䧶⛿㶇剹ꯗ㐮⚑蔦朙Ɑ剹ꯗ ⯜䒤鞬㳴蕩䧶⛿㶇剹ꯗꄾꇅ⻎㶇⪴蒠䊘气潸軹 䐮皒㳴肭獘聁⫅㵽⪴戀傽㜼⮘牿◧潸佻䴉 ♧劻ꇘ⯒愖瓌뭆ⵋ⟵넊呬溸侷ⵋ▇侞⛰☊劕 ╚锟⛿㶇䑑剹ꯗ侷芎溸⯽┿♂气 College Education in China and the West in Historical Perspective 睙┞ꌄ | PART I
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