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CONTENTS NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 11 SECTION 1: CHINESE MARITIME TRADE, ENTREPRENEURS AND ROUTES CHAPTER I FRANÇOIS GIPOULOUX Maritime Trade Expansion in Late Ming and Early Qing China: Why Were Long-lasting Trade Organisations So Problematic? .............................................. 21 CHAPTER II JAMES CHIN Family Business and Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurs of the Western Pacific: A Historical Perspective........................................................................................... 41 CHAPTER III JORGE SEMEDO DE MATOS Entre Macau e Timor: as rotas do comércio marítimo português, nos séculos xvi e XVII ................................................................................ 56 SECTION 2: CONTACTS AND PERCEPTIONS: WRITING, PUBLISHING AND EXHIBITING CHAPTER IV PASCALE GIRARD Describing Space: Portuguese and Chinese Approaches in Relations Linked to Tomé Piress Diplomatic Mission to China (1517-1524) .............................. 89 5

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