and guanchang, which appear on the map segments that show Melaka and the Singapore-Riau-Lingga region. In the second chapter, Ralph Kauz and Dai Qi 代 琦 jointly analyze several Chinese toponyms. They mainly deal with Ganmaili (Hormuz) in the Daoyi zhilüe 島夷志略 and a place named Jia Hulumosi 假忽 魯謨斯 on the Zheng He Map. In the third chapter, Elke Papelitzky discusses the routes integrating the Philippines into the East and Southeast Asian trading network. She refers to sailing handbooks and other texts from the Ming and early Qing periods, such as the Shunfeng xiangsong 順風相送 and Haiguo wenjian lu 海國聞見錄，comparing them with Western sources where relevant. The second section, "Navigating Markets”，highlights the economic dimensions and trade dynamics connecting the South China Sea to Europe. In the fourth chapter, Marília dos Santos Lopes focuses on the travei accounts of Caspar Schmalkalden (1616-1673), a German soldier who served the Dutch East índia Company (VOC) between 1642 and 1652. His writings portray the South China Sea as a vital and dynamic market, characterized by the circulation of people, animais, and products, thereby foreshadowing the rise of global maritime exchange. The chapter by Li Qingxin 李庆新 and Shen Bin 申斌 deals with one of China's chief exports: porcelain. It summarizes the production of ceramics and the development of difíerent production techniques as well as essential organizational features associated with this export-oriented industry. In the next chapter, Rui Manuel Loureiro turns to the Iberians and their role in connecting East and West. He highlights the position of Seville between 1560 and 1580, which besides offering exotic products served as a key center for collecting Information about East Asia and international trade routes, and a place where important books were published. Arianna Magnani concludes this section by investigating a Genoese manuscript written between 1588 and 1590 for King Philip II. This text offers the opportunity to reflect on the unfiilfilled ambition of other actors, such as the Genoese Maritime Republic, to involve themselves in market activities around the South China Sea, and the perception of these regions as a globally connected entity. In this context, the circulation of foods receives special attention. The second part of the present book zooms in a specific "episode" that not only changed the history of Macau, but also had a lasting impact on the network of exchanges in the South China Sea. This was the battle over Macau in 1622. The Dutch, supported by their English allies, attacked the city in the summer of that year, hoping to take it away from the Portuguese and to gain permanent access to 12
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