roles in several key areas in Asia. For example, the headquarters of the Asian Criminological Society and the Asian Association for Substance Abuse Research are both located in the programme. The editorial office of the top journal of criminology in Asia, Asian Journal of Criminology, is also located here. Research is an area of strength of the criminology programme at UM. The staff and students in the programme focus on two types of research. One is scientific research designed to advance knowledge and understanding of the distribution and causes of crime and deviant behaviour. The other is policy-related research aimed at promoting social order and justice in Macao, mainland China, and the rest of the world. Being an interdisciplinary field of study, criminology draws theories and methods from many different academic disciplines, including sociology, psychology, law, economics, education, public health, public administration, and neurology. Criminological research at UM, be it academic or applied, reflects these diverse perspectives. The following are some of the research projects conducted by the academic staff in the criminology programme at UM that exemplify this multidisciplinary approach. Two of the criminological issues studied currently by Prof. Spencer Li De are related to sociology, psychology, law, and education. The first one is the influence of parenting styles on child development outcomes including juvenile delinquency. Through in-depth interviews with 30 middle school students, their parents, and head teachers in a major city in China, Prof. Li found that the Western typology of parenting styles that classifies parenting practices into four distinctive categories, including authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and neglectful styles of parenting, does not fit neatly with how Chinese parents raise their children. Nevertheless, he found that permissive and neglectful styles of parenting significantly increase negative child developmental outcomes, including antisocial attitudes, delinquency, and poor school performance. While authoritative parenting reduces behavioural problems among Chinese youth, its influence tends to be modified by other family 刊上發表過多篇論文。此外，該課程在亞洲數個關鍵 領域具有領導地位。例如，亞洲犯罪學學會和亞洲藥 物濫用研究學會的總部均設於學院內。亞洲頂尖犯罪 學期刊《亞洲犯罪學期刊》的編輯部也設於此。 研究也是澳大犯罪學課程的一個優勢領域。該課程師 生所從事的研究活動主要分成兩大類。一類旨在促進 對犯罪和偏差行為分佈及原因的認識與瞭解。另一類 是與政策相關的研究，旨在推動在澳門、中國內地以 及世界其他地區建立良好公正的社會秩序。作為一個 跨學科領域，犯罪學需要用到社會學、心理學、法學、 經濟學、教育學、公共衛生學、公共行政學以及神經 學等多個學科的理論和方法。澳大的犯罪學研究，不 管是學術型研究還是應用型研究，都體現了這種跨學 科思維。以下是該課程教學人員所從事的其中一些研 究項目。 李德教授目前所研究的兩個課題涉及社會學、心理 學、法學和教育學。第一個課題是父母教養方式對兒 童發展結果（包括青少年犯罪）的影響。通過深入訪 問中國其中一個大城市的30個中學生及其家長和班 主任，李教授發現，中國家長的教養方式很難用西方 的分類方法（即專制型、權威型、放任型和忽略型） 進行準確界定。儘管如此，他發現放任型和忽略型的 教養方式會顯著增加對兒童發展的負面影響，包括導 致反社會態度、少年犯罪以及學習成績差。雖然權威 型的教養方式可以減少中國青少年的行為問題，這種 影響往往受制於家庭動態的其他方面，特別是親子關 係。為進一步分析這些問題，李教授對同一個城市的 本文作者為澳門大學社會學系系主任、亞洲藥物濫用研究學會主席。曾於 美國司法部擔任統計師及項目主管。亦曾任馬里蘭大學和佛羅里達州立大 學犯罪學和刑事司法學助理教授。 Prof. Spencer Li De is the head of the Department of Sociology at the University of Macau. He also serves as the president of the Asian Association for Substance Abuse Research. Previously, he held assistant professor positions in criminology and criminal justice at the University of Maryland and Florida State University. Before joining UM, he worked as a statistician and project director at the US Department of Justice. UMAGAZINE ISSUE 10 55 學院專欄．FACULTY COLUMN
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