社會人口因素：年齡和性別 甚麼性別和年齡段的人群更容易患上IGD？37 份系統性的橫向比較研究顯示，IGD在不同年齡 段的人群中的患病率存在很大差異（介乎0.7% 和27.5%之間）。由於玩網遊的人群中年輕人居 多，現有的文獻報告大多是關注中學生、青少 年，而甚少關注其他年齡段的群體。我們的電話 問卷調查是首次嘗試通過中國人口中具代表性的 成年人樣本來分析IGD的患病率。數據顯示，澳門 的成年中國籍居民中約有2%的人患有IGD。在過 去一年有過網遊經驗的人當中，患病率為4.3%， 與一些青少年樣本中估計的患病率大致相當。因 此，網遊玩家中，成年人與青少年患IGD的風險是 相當的，因此對於成年人也應採取適當的干預措 施。此外，通常認為男性比女性更容易患IGD，但 是，我們自中國成年人所收集的數據並未顯示有 顯著的性別差異。 心理因素：心理疾病和自我力量 我們的問卷調查發現，抑鬱和焦慮等心理疾病 與患IGD的風險呈正相關。我們無法驗證兩者之 間的因果關係，但是懷疑兩者之間會形成惡性循 環，即心理疾病可能會導致網遊玩家過分沉迷， 而患有IGD的人士也可能過著不健康的生活方式 （例如嚴重的睡眠不足、精神疲勞以及社交孤 立等等），從而加重心理疾病。除了風險因素 之外，我們的調查也發現了一些保護因素。我們 發現，心理韌性（即從逆境當中復原的能力）較 強、人生有目標的人出現IGD的症狀也較少。按 照正向心理學理論的解釋，這些正面的心理特質 可以保護成年網遊玩家出現生理社會問題，包括 IGD。 Sociodemographic Factors: Age and Sex What sex or age group is more susceptible to IGD? A systematic review of 37 cross-sectional studies found a large variation of IGD prevalence across populations (0.7% to 27.5%). Since online gaming involvement is relatively higher among young people, it is no surprise to find that the spotlight of the existing literature went to middle school students or adolescent gamers rather than other age groups. Our telephone survey is the first attempt to examine the prevalence of IGD with a representative adult sample in a Chinese community. Based on the survey data, the estimated prevalence was about 2.0 per cent among adult Chinese residents in Macao. Among those who had online gaming experience in the past year, the prevalence was 4.3 per cent, which is comparable to the prevalence estimated among some adolescent gamer samples. Therefore, adult gamers are as vulnerable as adolescent gamers to IGD and thus adequate intervention attention should also be allocated to adult gamers. In addition, men are generally expected to be more susceptible to this disorder than women. Our data, however, did not demonstrate a very big gender difference among our Chinese adults. Psychological Factors: Psychological Distress and Ego Strength Our survey found that psychological distress such as depression and anxiety were positively associated with IGD. We cannot test their causal relationship but speculate a vicious loop: high psychological distress may predispose online gamers to excessive gaming, while IGD gamers may also have a problematic lifestyle (eg, sleeping deprivation, mental strain, and social isolation) which results in more distress. In addition to risk factors, our survey data also identified protective factors and found that Macao gamers with higher levels of psychological resilience (ie, capability to rebound from adverse situations) and purpose in life (ie, perception of a meaningful life) reported fewer symptoms of IGD. As suggested by positive psychology theories, these positive psychological attributes may protect adult gamers from developing psychosocial problems, including IGD. 學院專欄 FACULTY COLUMN umagazine issue 19 56
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTQ1NDU2Ng==