̒⥎⅂ᒴ˞₅܋ঁ ଛလᕍຯ⿇ⅰ⅂⃛ 䢬平এᣵՉΦଛလⅰˍ中ൄ ᕔˍΦᕐྲ̒ ⥎⅂䢬̒ ⥎⅂̏ ᒴ澳㟑ଛလᆳᕔ⅂⃛ 㧙় 中ᕍຯ發 ⅰ⅂⃛ ǎ㕕ಾ研 ͞۽ ή أږ 㦞㠴ଛလ̒ ⥎⅂ⅰ發䢿 One in eight women will develop breast cancer over the course of a lifetime. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, as well as the most commonly-occurring cancer in women in Macao. In view of this alarming trend, how can medical research prevent breast cancer? ॏ⑪ㅌ㦠㠶㑦ҷသ̔ ⥐⅄ Preventing Hereditary Breast Cancer via Gene Testing ᐵ ] ἔ൴㲊 ğ ९ ] ήᖢ平 㒲֯ ९Ḙⁱε⡃ዞϫ Chinese & English Text | Wang Shanming ğ Photo | Jack Ho with some photos provided by the author ACADEMIC RESEARCH • ಾ⻐研 2019 UMAGAZINE 20 • 澳大ᑓゆ 58̔ ⥐⅄ⅲ⣻̒ ⥎⅂ഭଛလҀ༏ᒴˍ個㕳大ஔ⣹ǎॺ 201 䢬全˞₅ᕔ㈷㐿200⭤̿ 䢬ॺ中 २ᕔ㈷㐿2 ⭤̿ ⼕〹ᑘ᳤̒ ⥎⅂ǎ大☺ 10 1 䢥ⅰ̒ ⥎⅂⃚ ϟᒴⁱቋᵦಪ࿋ḑ ⿈ྫྷ ҵᎊⅰ㑤ҵလ् ⑨ㅊཙ㈭ⅰ䢬大 ૦ᐨ⑨ㅊΦᑜഭ⛁ቆ् ♲လᆳ࿘ 㣍ⅰ#3$"1 #ݶ 3$"2् 䢨#3$"䢩 ˔ǎᏢອ#3$"1⦯⃚ ⑨ㅊⅰଛလၴ̒ ⥎⅂ⅰ♰㧮㢍㭗㑅 0䢥ǎ#3$"् ⅰ⑨ㅊ̏ 大大ઌ؝̜ၴ ڭ ⅂Ǎ ּנ ⥎ ⅂ ݶ ⣧⥎⅂ⅰ㧮㢍ǎ ᕖᐇⅲ㦠㠶ᆾᣣ ॺ⅂⃛ 發́ נ 㞗#3$"⑨ㅊᏢອ⡃ ᒴ㦞㠴⑨ㅊᏢອ⡃發⅂⃛ ⅰᕍᕔᐅ㦞㠴 ᆼᣡ䢬᳤् Ꭽᢪ ͞۽ 㐜㐿ᑾᕧ↮ᫎ䢬㤥 ܗ Ⳛḳ㦞㠴䢬㦞㠴လᆼ⻐ ݶ 㭓ૣ ۩☃ྷ ⡈ 中ᑘ⑨ㅊ ܗ ˕ˍ͜ ⅰҵᎊϚ㑅㦞㠴⅂⃛ The Threat of Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a significant threat to women’s health. In 2018, over 2 million women worldwide, and over 250,000 in China, were diagnosed with breast cancer. Around 10 to 15 per cent of breast cancer cases are caused by hereditary genetic mutations transmitted following Mendelian genetics. The majority of the mutations are located in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (BRCA), which are the essential genes for maintaining genome stability. Women carrying pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 have up to 80 per cent of lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Mutations in BRCA genes also increase the risk of developing other types of cancer, including ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Effective Prevention Method Identification of BRCA mutation carriers before cancer occurrence is the most effective way to prevent mutation carriers from cancer, as it allows early cancer surveillance, targeted drug prevention, preventive surgery, and interrupts
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