14 / / 15 锟做侷芎⯜䍳戚问偠⺜䉤蓽㓻ꊞ溸嵟㐍◸侷芎 (paideia)Paideia 帏聋氌䏼䭇倁ⵋ倁僻倁 侷侷ⵋ瞐䟩䘽蕞╚㏔氮㴸㳴溭㺥䧯㴸瑮╒鉿溸 黈鴏ꂱ播劕⯂䉤蓽㓻ꊞ氮鬷傊侓妝╭⥏溸黉◜侷 芎悎首⮃긋黉◜溸宑ꪨ侷芎╒♧겎⪿侷芎掿⪿ 碄⯽劻㝂氮⠥⯂脛䊘 (didaskalos)⺥侅鬷傊掿 ╭溸㳴气⥝䱅둑芎剹㷫⾕跖銋瞐䪫跖蕞焒餠趦 ♧㕇넊䖎冝⫅⤭溸⻡㲳筷鮐 (kalos kagathos) ⪬⩧◩┿第♧䕁嵟㐍◸笢簣惓⮃槁꿕⛣㳴吿锺埜 溸㳴㏣ (scholé, 蝡饖 school)侷芎⪠㵽仺倁岻 ꉺ齬⟵ꀭ〡㳴⡡槏㳴悎颊겋ꀱ꼟垠 跖銋砰銋䌤✇㝙倁㐍槏婾⺮侓岖둑 芎瞐焒餠꽟㔔⪼╚倁岻ꉺ齬⟵ꀭ惓䓺䧯┩跖 (trivium)掿麃潸㸫偠㟚걳溸蔦氮宑 (liberalis) 䨿 䥧⪾溸焒餠⫙ꅾ┞婢➬䥧㳴肭㝙倁砰銋䌤✇ 꼟垠ⷬ㎃跖 (quadrivium)⪣脢⻉脯圸䧯♧┣跖 (ars, 蝡饖 arts) 掿╭둑溸ⷈ겎侷芎 (ars liberalis, 蝡饖 liberal arts)僂㐃㕇芎ꄾⷈ脯劕茥ⲇ䱳筻㴔㴺☭气 澶槏溸䖎冝겼溸蔦氮宑☊甭enkuklios paideia Enkuklios 劕⽠䕲欏册ꄾ㸩䊬瞐䟩䘽䟩ⷬ 긖☭呬溸侷芎䧶☭侷芎⪼╚ꌄ㳴㏣惓 䧯詈⻐侷芎塎圸⫅⪾煝㳴ゼ韣ꀱ澶槏侅趵 ㏨剹倁椀瞐ⲍ茥㠂參䬕㏨陮皒溸Academy ( ╚饖 參䬕㏨㳴㏣)◸ꓧ㛶㝂䖎䧯皒溸Lyceum ( ╚饖◸ ꓧ㛶㝂䖎㳴㏣) 瞐耈뉉䉤蓽ⵋ侷芎ꇂ䉿㏔⻄㐍 䔯䔯氮㴸做⮃魗侷芎⪠㵽纉䪩䉤蓽嵟㐍◸笢簣 䀧㹀☭倁筷넊 (humanitas, 蝡饖humanities)┞薯 䭇䨿額┣跖溸ⷈ겎侷芎⻎兎䲴⻉◗耈뉉獘劋⪬⩧ ⯽◩┿第վⶥ◝ꗸ銩岻տ♧❔┞鬫䒤鞬溸岻䔾⥝簣 耈뉉溸☭倁侷芎⻎埞僂㐃㕇芎䖎冝겼溸蔦氮耈 뉉⪬宑 ⪬⩧◩┿第锟耈뉉䉿㏔键☀娵嵍╚⺜兎♣䳻 䋝⯽劻ꓨ锣侷芎塎⯜龞瓌蔸㕈瀥侷⟵ꇕꯗꄾ ꇅ⺜倁椀溸䪲㷫阴絋㕇芎窣ꄾ䉤蓽耈뉉⺜⪿♧ 臋籮ꓦ聋溸⟵㛶⦺➝⪼䖎锣寛♇┯곒둛㹀鬕 愆䡝䠂鉿ㄍ溸㕈瀥侷⡡槏籮ꇅ䌤溯䌑庍䨡┬ 蔸⻄㐍㓻ꊞ頳⡁椟㏔┪蔸䉤劵輏♦㝙┬溸玘 臋耈뉉䉿㏔耈뉉侷 ﳱ 㐮ꄣ惓䓺䧯⻄蔦㐃侓岖⾕ 獘劋做긖溸妝㥔둑⯜㐃婠侓妝卲皒溸呬㹾▇┬ ⻄㐍㎌⪼䨿괜彑槁◗⻄虝⻄埞溸侷芎塎圸䧶㐍 做侓妝溸㳴吿侷劋㳴吿㸢噻鉿劋㳴吿䧶㳴 气侷䊘篚獘籮易溸瑮㘫瞐ⶥ◝┿第▇䕁悎ⵋ ⮃┞꿕둛瞐侷芎둑⯜甭掿㝕㳴 (universitas, 蝡饖 university)掿锟做侷芎⺮┪ⱜ兎♣溸㝕◜㞴㴼◗ 锟做둛瞐侷芎溸㕈勔呬㹾蔸♂䔕꼹摿ꇸ䑠㺊䧯 掿槊ꄾ鉿溸둛瞐侷芎둑⯜ 㝕㳴杆虝儱㐃杆㴼獘ⶤ⪠┞聁䭇侷䊘䧶㳴气 溸岻㴼獘㏬棪䕒侓妝䧶侷溽溸靴⾀侱陶瞐做䑑 霾⺪⾕䱅妝周仄勔麃㏬둑溸岻㴼皺⾕䤷皺蔦 岖硆槏㳴吿◜ⳡ⥝䱅岻㴼溸㳴ゼ焒餠╒㐃㳴气 ꄾꇅ岻㴼溸脞雨䍈䕁꽕◙㳴㛶牅㛶䧶ⷈ㛶溸 㳴⛻㝕㳴溸㐍槏⛻翞鼜㎷㴼䔯䔯♧㐍⻐掿⻐ 㳴气⾕侷䊘⯵䔯䔯❔蔦娵嵍⻄㐍⛰☑劕沖㐍岻㴼 溸⻄甦气嵛杆妝侷芎⪠㵽䌤▊摿ꬨ勔㐍䱌侚겑 ╚侷䱅䉤蓽耈뉉⥝簣♧❔⪾劕册┿䧶册ꇂ聋䟩溸 ☭倁㳴玘㳴岻㳴꒜㳴㳴⛻魗呬ꄾ氠偠娵嵍 ⻄㐍汷噻气⺪㐃⻄㐍㳴吿㕃侷㕃噻㎌婠僃劻䧯 ⲍ溸㝕㳴ꌬ儱ꪛ侒䑑册┿㒘溸劆膾炙人口溸 儱ⷈ崦㹺◸㝕㳴䉄묰㝕㳴朙崵㝕㳴⯽脢⪬霾 儱娵嵍劆僃溸㝕㳴輏甭䧯皒偠 1188䌑䌑⚍겴劕 暾饘⛰ⶥ┩┿第⮵ⷈ崦㹺◸㝕㳴摿沽䉂籮⪾⤭䨿 額㝕㳴溸杆虝脯♧岻㳴ꯗ岻㳴掿╭ⲇ䉄묰㝕 㳴朙崵㝕㳴☊㐃ⶥ┞ⶥ◝┿第溸㐍做侷劋㳴吿 瞐㕈狹┪ꄣ惓悎ⵋ䧯ⶥ┩┿第⮵溸㝕㳴氮✑掿 㳴ゼ㕈狹溸☭倁㳴ꯗ(Facultatis Artium, 蝡饖Faculty of Arts) ♧✑掿ꅾ⟵갩唨溸玘㳴ꯗ岻㳴ꯗ꒜㳴 ꯗ┩䨿둛筨㳴ꯗ (Superior Faculties) 篂䧯沖╚♧玘 㳴ꯗ☑饶劆갗⺞ⶥ┩┿第⮵朙崵㝕㳴┞䪠侷䊘瓌 㺈Ɑ堦⺞䐮┞吿♧Ɑ堦⺅⻐呬㹾潸꿕偿䧯掿 蕞朙崵┯潸⛒♼溸㝕㳴㐃Ɑ堦㎃㳴ꯗ╚☊♧⪼玘 㳴ꯗꮩ㻏溸〡㳴掿䒤꽃 蕞䉄묰㝕㳴┞埞ⶥ┩┿第朙崵Ɑ堦㝕㳴惓䧯둑 笢兎㎌掿㳴气⾕侷䊘㝂긋勔㐍☭蕞沖㐍㺈宑璝 魎⛿䨿⯵兎气䫹李氌蔸䐾⮃☭⾀氘气掿䊘气㴙 䱖⛿㶇塎⯜溸괜锣┞꿕✑掿㝕㳴䧯〉ㅠ⛻⛰勔 麃☊劕潸㸫蔦岖⾕鬙氘溸侷芎塎圸䥧兎脯气⮵ 甭 Hall䧶 House䕁㝂甭掿 CollegeHall ⺜蝡 靤┞闋✑㵊蕩䬕┟靤甭 hospitiumHouse䬕┟ 靤甭 domumⸯ䟩☊峅䭱㺈蕩⪣雘沖兎悎䧯❵ 䊘气⛿㶇溸┞甦岻㴼侷芎㶇蕩College 䬕┟倁✑ collegiumⸯ䟩掿劕岻㴼㐍⛻溸㏬둑(corporation) 蔸婠☊首䧯❵䊘气⛿㶇溸┞甦岻㴼侷芎塎圸朙崵 䕁❔Ɑ堦溸CollegeHouse Hallꄻ꿕塎圸╚ 饖✑㳴ꯗ溸霁蕞⻎㝕㳴Faculty 溸╚饖✑㳴ꯗꓨ 鐁╚倁锟做侷芎⺮詈✑┞薯饖✑㳴蕩╚倁㳴汔 阨韣朙崵Ɑ堦College ⯜兎䊬䊬甭掿剹ꯗ♧⯂ 偠 Faculty 溸㳴ꯗ侚婠勔剹岜氠鼜ꄾ鉿溸饖⻐ꄾ 甭✑剹ꯗꄻ◳㝕㳴䧯〉剹ꯗ氮偠䳀❵侷䊘㺈䨿 ⻄甦岻㴼杆妝⺪♧䑜⻄㐍㳴劕䨿ꩾ⾕☑劕潂 饶溸㳴脢Ⲏ潊侷㳴ⲍ茥┯◸偠㝕㳴潳㻏溸㳴ꯗ ⪼ꮩ㻏溸㳴笢⪠㵽☊┯곒㳴ꯗ䨿䱅溸☭倁岻㳴 ꒜㳴玘㳴┯ꇅ氮偠䊘气㐃剹ꯗ⻎㶇⪴蒠✑䛉 蕞⪴侷䊘㸫㳴气⺪♧膂䳀긖⾀阌⥝麃侷蔦劕 㳴ꯗ颊㳴ꀡ┯⯒溸侷芎侞卸沖播剹ꯗ侷䊘䔯䔯⻎ 兎⺇臐偠㳴ꯗ㳴气ꯙ⺇噻偠䨿㻏剹ꯗ侷䊘㜾⻎ 兎⺇噻偠㐃㳴ꯗ⺇臐溸⪼♒剹ꯗ⻐䊘㳴ꯗ剹ꯗ 䕞㸢噻侷芎脯阌⻄⺶⪼舕⛰潸鼸潸䧯潸䕒漩 䔓脯✑掿┞䨿㝕㳴ꬨꞇⲍ茥溸脞雨⾕꽕䱅㳴⛻妝 ꮺ♇氮㝕㳴⾕㳴ꯗ䱌䳣剹ꯗ劕侷芎▇㷞脯摿 꽕䱅㳴⛻▇妝 ♧朙崵┩ꪨ劆⺜脛剹ꯗ▇┞溸㙺꽗剹ꯗ(Merton College) 掿❛霃剹ꯗ氮1261 蔸1263 䌑⚉蝡呬躗 㝕岻㴸 (Lord Chancellor of England) 溸殆曗杆 u 䖎 u 㙺꽗 (Walter de Merton)偠1264 䌑♧瑮氘偠⡡俌 锟ⷂ溸裞曗溫 (Malden) 䨿陮皒掿┞䪠㳴脢䳀❵ ⛿㶇ⱁꀡ☭⻎兎阐皒◗剹ꯗ溸蔦岖皺㻏偠剹 ꯗ溸氘噻1274 䌑ꈶ⫖朙崵䧯掿㝕㳴䧯〉剹ꯗ ▇┞㙺꽗勔☭ꩾ劻䕞侓蕞溽㵎ꬨ➵㶕⮘亘ꩾ 岻䔾㜾☆☊掿侷劋╚☭㎌婠1272 蔸1274 䌑睙 ◝䍳䱌㝕岻㴸訓⚉䕁棪㣙⚉掿耈䖓偅杆侷ⶤ╭侷 (Bishop of Rochester)潳蔸 1277䌑⹜┿仄氮蝡㟗 溽䕤⬮溸2015䌑偈⟵阐剹ꯗ皺⪼紀阌(preamble) 䖊䑜◗ⱁꀡ☭㙺꽗㐃⪼䩘阐溸1274 䌑剹ꯗ睙┩姎 ⟵阐皺溸紀阌倁⪠甭剹ꯗ掿㙺꽗㳴脢▇蕩 (domum scolarium de Merton, 吿做蝡饖The House of the Scholars of Merton)㙺꽗㐃紀阌䳀霃剹ꯗ 兎甭㶇蕩 (domum, domui)兎甭㳴吿 (scolis, 蝡饖 school)겴屜劕䳀College⪼䙎鮐⫅⪾㳴銋蕞⛿ 㶇媓摿沽ゼꈶ朙崵䕁㢾劕College of Merton ▇⻐蕞The House of the Scholars of Merton溸 ꯗ⻐╒鉿剹ꯗ僃劻♧玘㳴掿╭䕁❔ꇂ岻㳴 ꒜㳴☭倁㳴瞐✑掿玘舕☭〉㙺꽗䩘阐溸皺 澚❔剳⦒♒♧┪䉿▇⻐⾕剹ꯗ䧯〉▇ꪨ皒┬溸 靋笵锺㴼◗ⱁꀡ☭⾕䧯〉ꪨ溸⻄甦妝⯈⾕聋ⳡ 睙┩ⶥ⪩唅䒤鞬䧯〉鬬⚉ꓨ╚▇ꓨ溸盛掿㏬篚◧ ⲙ⾕䌐⾕頋䡝䠂 (unity and mutual charity, peace, concord and love) 瞐耙䖎兎蔸♂傽2015 䌑ꄾꇅ 溸槁鉿剹ꯗ皺ꪛ㴶僻聋ⷬ靿剹ꯗ䖪꽆掿㙨ꅾ⪬ 濨琀獮 (for the public benefit) 脯➶ꅾ侷芎㳴肭煝 疶♧㴶侷⺪锶㙺꽗剹ꯗ蔦ⱁꀡ┣⠥┿第♧❔ ┞潳瑺䭧♧㳴銋顇寛☭꿕琀獮溸侷芎⥝簣ⶥ▟┿ 第♧❔朙崵㝕㳴鞐帏譔氌䏼㳴气⪜㳴兎䉂籮 ꈹ㴼㸢噻屜劕⪼♒䖪⟵溸☭倁㳴䧶ⷈ겎侷芎㕈狹 鞐▢屜劕⪼♒㝕㳴塎⯜劕笢簣㐍㕇넊㳴气溸 呬剹ꯗ㳴銋侷芎☊♧㳴气溸╭⟵㸢噻掿╭锣 ⪠㵽㐃ꄻ甦㳴璇╭㸮鞐呬㹾▇┬剹ꯗ气嵛溸 ⻎㶇⪴蒠膂䳀긖⾀䊘◧ⳛ宣㏚䠌及算絛 溸剹ꯗ⥝簣瑃⧩⾕⥝肭袍㌼⪿겎溸侷㕔宯宣袍 ꓨ溸둛咉兰넕瞐瞐摿沽䪎悎着ⶥꓨ锣溸愖瓌뭆 ⵋ芎☭閣虝 ╚锟⛿㶇䑑剹ꯗ侷芎溸⯽┿♂气 College Education in China and the West in Historical Perspective 睙┞ꌄ | PART I
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